在历年真题中,短文改错考点基本上是比较固定的,我总结了一些常考的错误类型,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率哦~
一、熟悉设错方式:多词、少词、错词
多词现象:大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
少词现象:主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
错词现象:主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
二、对全文的宏观把握
学生应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解,对上下文全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读,分析判断,上下兼顾,把拿的准的题先做完,这样可以缩小范围,且有助于对全文的进一步理解。
三、具体常见错误(干货来喽~~~)
01查看文中句子时态是否一致
看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,看看上下文的时态是否一致。
例如:When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
此题的 think 应改为thought。短文*句使用了过去时态,而第二句承接*句的时间,故原文中的动词应用think的过去形式thought。2015 *卷I
02查看主谓是否一致
例如:Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
此题的 required 应改为 requires。根据may可知,本句为一般现在时,且主语为it,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。2019*卷 Ⅲ
03查指代是否一致
在短文改错中常会出现指代错误,you与your,it's与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等。
例如:In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
yourselves 应改为 themselves。customers 是第三人称"他们",故对应的反身代词应改为themselves。 2019*卷 Ⅲ
04查平行结构是否平行一致
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
例如:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行,应改为drive。
05查名词的单复数与修饰词语是否一致
在several, many, various, different, a few, one of等之后,常常接名词的复数,在every与each之后常常使用单数形式。
例如:Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
job是可数名词,其前有different修饰,"不同的工作"是复数概念,故此处用jobs。2019 *卷Ⅱ
06查行文逻辑是否一致(连词)
譬如像or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。
例如:Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
but → and, football是可数名词,前面用不定冠词a表示泛指;"足球落到我的面前"与"我几乎被砸中了"是并列关系,不表示转折,故将but改为and。2019 *卷I
07形容词与副词的误用
如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等。需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
例如:
I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully → wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate →Unfortunately)
*例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
08一些固定结构的误用
如so...that被误用作very...that,too...to被误用very...to,as...as被误作so...as等。
09非谓语动词的常见错误
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时,and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后需要接动名词或不定式等等。
例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting → interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also …(Play → Playing)
My parents love me … and will do all they can ∧ make sure … (to)
10逻辑错误
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。
例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his → their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
上述*例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表"再"的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说"再告诉你一些事"?
四、验证答案
短文改错做完后,要回过头来重读一遍全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
*后,我再教给大家一个做题的口诀,事半功倍~