基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。下面小编告诉你英语语法动词用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语语法动词用法:
■及物动词与不及物动词
根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词(vt. ) 后面要跟宾语,不及物动词(vi. ) 不跟宾语。如:
They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语,是不及物动词)
I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them,是及物动词)
注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如:
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
■动态动词和静态动词
根据词义特点,行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。
■延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:
[译]他离开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days.
[正]He left here three days ago.
[正]It’s three days since he left.
■限定动词与非限定动词
限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化(详见非谓语动词一章) 。如:
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要清洁了。(needs在句中用谓语,是限定动词;cleaning是动名词作needs的宾语,属非限定动词)
动词oblige用法详解:
1. 表示“迫使”时,注意以下用法:
(1) 其后通常不直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构。如:
The law obliges parents to send their children to school. 法律迫使父母送孩子上学。
不过,在现代英语中该结构通常用于被动形式。如:
You are obliged by law to pay taxes. 按照法律规定,你必须纳税。
They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts. 他们被迫卖房还债。
(2) 在许多情况下,obliged具有形容词的特点,有时其被迫意味较弱,常可译为“有必要”“有责任”“应该”等。如:
I felt obliged to ask them to dinner. 我觉得有必要请他们请饭。
2. 表示“帮忙”“效劳”时,通常指根据需要或要求而做某事,注意以下用法:
(1) 可以用于不及物动词。如:
We’d be happy to oblige. 我们乐于效劳。
Will you oblige by filling in this form? 劳驾填一下这张表好吗?
(2) 用作及物动词时,总是以受益者(指人)作宾语,使用时注意以下搭配和用法:
①用于oblige sb by doing sth,表示通过做某事而帮助某人或按某人的要求做某事。如:
Please oblige me by keeping quiet during the lecture. 演讲期间请保持安静。
Could you oblige me by posting the letter? 劳驾请帮我把这封信寄了好吗?
②用于oblige sb with sth,表示用某物来帮助某人或按某人的要求提供某物。如:
Could you oblige me with 10 dollars? 借给我10美元好吗?
Would you be willing to oblige us with some information? 你愿为我们提供一些信息吗?
(3) 修饰oblige有个非常典型的副词,就是duly,表示“正如期望地效劳或帮忙”。如:
The fans were looking for another goal and Owen duly obliged. 球迷们正期待另一粒进球时,欧文一如期望地进球了。
3. 表示“感激”时,在现代英语中,只用于被动语态be obliged(事实上已变为系表结构),主要用于以下两个结构:
(1) 用于I (We) would be obliged if…,用于正式场合请人帮忙,其意为“如果……我(我们)将非常感激”。如:
I would be obliged if you could read it to us. 你若能读给我们听,我将非常感激。
其中的if从句有时可换成不定式。如:
I would be obliged therefore to receive your instructions on this matter. 如果在这个问题上能收到你的指导,我们将非常感激。
(2) 用于(I’m / We’re) much obliged,意为“(我 / 我们)非常感谢”;表示感谢某人,其后可接介词to;表示因某事而感谢,后接介词for。如:
I’m obliged to you for your good opinion. 感谢你的宝贵意见。
I’m very much obliged to you for telling me. 我非常感激你告诉了我。
I shall be much obliged to you for an early answer. 尽早赐复,不胜感激。
(3) 注意不要混淆obliged与obliging的用法,后者的意思是“愿意帮忙的”“乐于助人的”“热情的”。如:
He is always very obliging. 他总是乐于助人。
动词think用法要点:
1. 时态问题
(1) 表示“认为”或“在……看来”时,不用于进行时态;但表示“考虑”“思考”等,可用于进行时态。如:
I think it’s going to rain. 我想要下雨了。
I’m thinking whether I should go. 我在考虑是否应该去。
有时为了使语气更委婉或更带有试探性,可用一般过去时或过去进行时形式(但并不表示过去意义)。如:
I thought you might like something to read. 我想也许你想要读点什么。
(2) 用于过去完成时,表示未曾实现的想法或意图,可译为“原认为”“本来认为”。如:
I had thought that he would come to help us. 我原认为他会来帮助我们的。
2. 否定问题
当 think表示“认为”,且主语为*人称时,若其后跟一个表示否定概念的宾语从句,通常将否定转移到主句上(当然若将否定放在从句也不算错,只是听起来较生硬)。如:
I don’t think she’s really fit for the job. 我认为她并不真正适合这项工作。
We don’t think he is very clever. 我们认为他不是很聪明。
在下列情况通常无需发生否定转移:
(1) 当 think 有副词修饰时。如:
I really think that he will not help us. 我的确认为他不会帮我们。
(2) 当 think 前有表示强调的助动词 do 时。如:
I do think that you are not right. 我的确认为是你不对。
(3) 当 think 不是以一般现在时形式出现时(如是一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等)。如:
I thought you hadn’t read it. 我认为你没有读它呢。
I had thought he couldn’t pass the exam. 我原认为他考试不会及格的。
(4) 当本意是要否定主句时。如:
We didn’t think we’d be so late. 我们没想到会那么迟。
(5) 当 think 与其他动词并列使用时。如:
I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you too much. 我认为同时也希望我没有打扰你太多。
(6) 当从句的否定构成某种特殊句型时。如:
I think that he cannot do the work too well. 我认为这项工作他干得越出色越好。
3. 询问看法
询问对方看法时,可用What do you think of …或How do you like…,但是习惯上不说How do you think of …或What do you like…等。比较:
你觉得这部电影怎么样?
正:What do you think of the film?
正:How do you like the film?
误:How do you think of the film?
误:What do you like the film?
你认为他什么时候回来?
正:When do you think he will come back?
误:Do you think when he will come back?
4. 表示打算
表示打算做些某事,通常用think of doing sth。如:
I’ve been thinking of changing my job. 我一直想换个工作。
We are thinking about buying a car. 我们在考虑买辆汽车。
偶尔也用think to do sth(不算普通)。如:
They think to influence the voters. 他们打算影响选民。
但think to do sth用于否定句表示“没想到”的意思则属普通用法。如:
I didn’t think to see you here. 没想到在这儿见到你。
另外,用于过去时或过去完成时,表达本想做某事而实际上没做成时,后接不定式也属正常用法。如:
I thought to leave earlier. 我本想要早点出发的。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。
5. 用于特殊疑问句
与疑问词连用时,要将疑问词置于句首。如:
你认为他在这里会呆多久?
正:How long do you think he will stay here?
误:Do you think how long he will stay here?
6. 在口语表达中的用法
口语中的Just think…与To think…均表示惊奇,但后者往往还有没想到或遗憾、可惜等意。如 :
Just think how much money he has spent! 你想想他花了多少钱吧。
Think that he was getting famous already!没想到他已经要出名了。
To think of his not knowing about it! 想想看,他对此竟然一无所知。
动词know的用法:
1. 其后一般不直接跟不定式,但在以下情况可接不定式:
(1) 后接“疑问词(why 除外)+不定式”。如:
I didn’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
We don’t know when to start. 我们不知道什么时候出发。
他会弹钢琴。
误:He knows to play the piano.
正:He knows how to play the piano.
(2) 表示知道应该要做某事。如:
She knows not to tell anyone about it. 她知道不该告诉任何人。
比较下面两句,注意其中的how的有无和意思的变化:
Does he know to come here first? 他知道应该先到这儿来吗?
Does he know how to come here? 他知道如何到这儿来吗?
2. 比较 know 与 get [come] to know:前者意为“认识”,是持续性动词;后者意为“开始认识”,是终止性动词。如:
We’ve known each other for 10 years. 我们俩认识10年了。
We got to know each other ten years ago. 我们俩是10年前认识的。
3. know 之后可接不定式的复合结构,主要句型为:
(1) know+宾语+to be(to be通常不省略),这类句型可转换为that引导的宾语从句。如:
I know him to be a fool.=I know (that) he is a fool. 我知道他是个傻瓜。
(2) know+宾语+to do(有时可省略 to),在这类句型中 know 一般只限于用过去时或完成时,通常译为“听说过”“见过”等。如:
I have never known her (to) tell lies. 我从未听说她撒过谎。
I’ve never known her (to) be late before. 我以前从不知道她迟到过。
在被动语态中,不定式必须带 to。如:
He was known to have a quick temper as a boy. 人们都知道他在孩提时代脾气暴躁。
4. 比较:be known as, be known for 与 be known to:
(1) be known as 意为“作为……出名”。如:
She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她作为一个杰出的舞蹈家非常有名。
(2) be known for 意为“因为……出名”。如:
He is known for his poems. 他以他的诗出名。
(3) be known to 意为“为……所知”。如:
He is known to everyone. 大家都熟悉他。